Where given, data for certain radioactive nuclei are from this reference. Mason in Multinuclear NMR, Plenum Press, New York, USA, 1987. I am grateful to Professor Robin Harris (University of Durham, UK) who provided much of the NMR data, which are copyright 1996 IUPAC, adapted from his contribution contained within this reference. 5, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK, 1996. Harris in Encyclopedia of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, D.M. Magnetogyric ratio, γ (10 7 rad T ‑1 s -1) Table of NMR-active nucleus propeties of chlorine Ĭommon reference compound: KCl/D 2O, 0.1 M. Kuchitsu in Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 1988.

Masses, nuclear spins, and magnetic moments: I.

For further information about radioisotopes see Jonghwa Chang's (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) Table of the Nuclides.

Naturally occurring isotope abundances: Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances report for the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry in Isotopic Compositions of the Elements 1989, Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1998, 70, 217.

This table gives information about some radiosotopes of chlorine, their masses, their half-lives, their modes of decay, their nuclear spins, and their nuclear magnetic moments. Chem.Further data for naturally occuring isotopes of chlorine are listed above. SOURCES Atomic weights of the elements: Review 2000 by John R de Laeter et al. To have a measurable effect on the atomic weight of chlorine. However, the concentrations normally encountered are too low by several orders of magnitude Both natural cosmogenic 36Cl andīomb-produced 36Cl from the atmosphere have been useful as environmental tracers in hydrologic studies The atmosphere as a by-product of nuclear bomb tests in the oceans. Large quantities of 36Cl were injected into Naturally and artificially by slow-neutron reactions with 35Cl. The radioactive isotope 36Cl decays to 36Ar with a half-life of 301(2) ka. Larger ranges of variation may be found as measurements are made on a wider range of environments

Than the range indicated by the standard atomic-weight uncertainty value. The range of Cl atomic weights in nature and in laboratory reagents is larger Chlorinated solvents are reported to have δ( 37Cl) values rangingįrom at least −6.0 ‰ to +4.4 ‰, corresponding to x( 37Cl) = 0.2411 to 0.2430 andĪ r(Cl) = 35.450 to 35.454. The chlorine isotopes of those compounds may also be fractionatedīy biochemical degradation reactions. −7.7 ‰ to +7.5 ‰, corresponding to x( 37Cl) = 0.2408 to 0.2436 and A r(Cl)Ĭhlorinated organic solvents from different commercial sources commonly Chlorine isotopes also have been fractionated photochemically in the laboratory.Įnvironmental chloride samples are reported to have δ( 37Cl) values ranging from about The lighter isotope 35Cl diffuses more rapidly inĪqueous solutions, whereas the concentration of the heavier isotope 37Cl is higher in halide minerals

Ion filtration, and halide mineral precipitation. Measurements currently is standard mean ocean chloride (SMOC), with δ( 37Cl) = 0 ‰, despite reportedĮvidence for variability in n( 37Cl)/ n( 35Cl) of seawater chloride.Ĭhlorine isotopes in the chloride ion may be fractionated in nature and the laboratory by diffusion, The basis of the delta scale for relative Cl isotope-ratio To increase the uncertainty and remove a significant figure from the atomic weight of chlorine, and to introduce the interval notation in 2009. Since 1985, relative isotope-ratio mass spectrometry has yielded abundant evidence for variability in theĪtomic weight of chlorine in both natural and artificial substances, which resulted in the 1999 decision Of atomic weights of several other elements, the Commission did not assign any new atomic-weight valuesĭefined purely on the basis of chemical measurements. Silver and on Ag/AgCl equivalent ratios determined chemically by many well-known authorities.įollowing its 1967 discussion of Ag, Cl, and Br, which were important in the chemical determination

In 1961, the Commission recommended A r(Cl) = 35.453(1), based on the atomic weight of

Isotopes of chlorine 35 and 37